Long-term effects of delayed graft function duration on function and survival of deceased donor kidney transplants / Efeitos de longo prazo da duração da função tardia do enxerto sobre a função e sobrevida de transplantes renais com doadores falecidos

Abstract Introduction: Delayed graft function (DGF) is a frequent complication after deceased donor kidney transplantation with an impact on the prognosis of the transplant. Despite this, long-term impact of DGF on graft function after deceased donor kidney transplantation has not been properly evaluated. Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate risk factors for DGF and the impact of its occurrence and length on graft survival and function. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in 517 kidney transplant recipients who received a deceased donor organ between January 2008 and December 2013. Results: The incidence of DGF was 69.3% and it was independently associated with donor's final serum creatinine and age, cold ischemia time, use of antibody induction therapy and recipient's diabetes mellitus. The occurrence of DGF was also associated with a higher incidence of Banff ≥ 1A grade acute rejection (P = 0.017), lower graft function up to six years after transplantation and lower death-censored graft survival at 1 and 5 years (P < 0.05). DGF period longer than 14 days was associated with higher incidence of death-censored graft loss (P = 0.038) and poorer graft function (P < 0.001). No differences were found in patient survival. Conclusions: The occurrence of DGF has a long-lasting detrimental impact on graft function and survival and this impact is even more pronounced when DGF lasts longer than two weeks.

Resumo Introdução: A função tardia do enxerto (FTE) é uma complicação frequente após transplantes renais com doadores falecidos com repercussões sobre o prognóstico do transplante. Contudo, o impacto a longo prazo da FTE sobre a função do enxerto após transplante renal com doador falecido não foi avaliado adequadamente. Objetivo: O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os fatores de risco para FTE e o impacto de sua ocorrência e duração na sobrevida e função do enxerto. Métodos: O presente estudo observacional retrospectivo incluiu 517 receptores de transplante renal que receberam órgãos de doadores falecidos entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2013. Resultados: A incidência de FTE foi de 69,3%. Foi identificada associação independente entre FTE e creatinina sérica final e idade do doador, tempo de isquemia fria, uso de terapia de indução com anticorpos e diabetes mellitus do receptor. A ocorrência de FTE também foi associada a incidência mais elevada de rejeição aguda com classificação de Banff ≥ 1 A (P = 0,017), função reduzida do enxerto até seis anos após o transplante e menor sobrevida do enxerto censurada para óbito em 1 e 5 anos (P <0,05). Períodos de FTE superiores a 14 dias foram associados a maior incidência de perda do enxerto censurada para óbito (P = 0,038) e pior função do enxerto (P <0,001). Não foram identificadas diferenças de sobrevida nos pacientes. Conclusões: A ocorrência de FTE traz prejuízos de longa duração à função e sobrevida do enxerto. Tal impacto é ainda mais pronunciado quando a FTE persiste por mais de duas semanas.

Long-term effects of delayed graft function duration on function and survival of deceased donor kidney transplants.

INTRODUCTION: Delayed graft function (DGF) is a frequent complication after deceased donor kidney transplantation with an impact on the prognosis of the transplant. Despite this, long-term impact of DGF on graft function after deceased donor kidney transplantation has not been properly evaluated. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to evaluate risk factors for DGF and the impact of its occurrence and length on graft survival and function. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in 517 kidney transplant recipients who received a deceased donor organ between January 2008 and December 2013. RESULTS: The incidence of DGF was 69.3% and it was independently associated with donor's final serum creatinine and age, cold ischemia time, use of antibody induction therapy and recipient's diabetes mellitus. The occurrence of DGF was also associated with a higher incidence of Banff ≥ 1A grade acute rejection (P = 0.017), lower graft function up to six years after transplantation and lower death-censored graft survival at 1 and 5 years (P < 0.05). DGF period longer than 14 days was associated with higher incidence of death-censored graft loss (P = 0.038) and poorer graft function (P < 0.001). No differences were found in patient survival. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of DGF has a long-lasting detrimental impact on graft function and survival and this impact is even more pronounced when DGF lasts longer than two weeks.

[Renal transplantation without maintenance immunosuppression. Identical twins and kidney transplantation following a successful bone marrow graft]. / Transplante renal sem imunossupressão de manutenção. Pares monozigóticos e receptores de rim e medula óssea do mesmo doador.

Renal transplantation without maintenance immunosuppression has been sporadically reported in the literature. The cases include non-adherent patients who discontinued their immunosuppressive medications, transplantation between identical twins, kidney transplantation after a successful bone marrow graft from the same donor and simultaneous bone marrow and kidney transplantation for the treatment of multiple myeloma with associated renal failure. There are also ongoing clinical trials designed to induce donor specific transplant tolerance with infusion of hematopoietic cells from the same kidney donor. Here we describe two cases of renal transplantation without immunosuppression as examples of situations described above.

Transplante renal sem imunossupressão de manutenção. Pares monozigóticos e receptores de rim e medula óssea do mesmo doador / Renal transplantation without maintenance immunosuppression. Identical twins and kidney transplantation following a successful bone marrow graft

Resumo Pacientes que receberam transplantes renais sem imunossupressão de manutenção têm sido esporadicamente relatados. Os casos incluem relatos de pacientes não aderentes que suspenderam a medicação imunossupressora, transplantes entre gêmeos monozigóticos, transplante renal após um bem sucedido transplante de medula óssea do mesmo doador e transplante simultâneo de medula óssea e rim para tratamento de pacientes com mieloma múltiplo com insuficiência renal associada. Existem, atualmente, ensaios clínicos em andamento com o propósito de induzir tolerância imunológica específica ao doador utilizando a infusão de células hematopoiéticas do mesmo doador do enxerto renal. A seguir, descrevemos dois casos de transplante renal sem imunossupressão como exemplos de situações descritas acima.

Abstract Renal transplantation without maintenance immunosuppression has been sporadically reported in the literature. The cases include non-adherent patients who discontinued their immunosuppressive medications, transplantation between identical twins, kidney transplantation after a successful bone marrow graft from the same donor and simultaneous bone marrow and kidney transplantation for the treatment of multiple myeloma with associated renal failure. There are also ongoing clinical trials designed to induce donor specific transplant tolerance with infusion of hematopoietic cells from the same kidney donor. Here we describe two cases of renal transplantation without immunosuppression as examples of situations described above.

Transplante renal em pacientes HIV positivos: relato de dois casos da experiência inicial do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre / Kidney transplantation in HIV positive patients: two case reports from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre initial experience

Recentemente, o transplante renal passou a ser uma modalidade terapêutica aceita para o tratamento de pacientes renais crônicos terminais infectados pelo HIV. Para tal, há necessidade de estabilidade de parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais relacionados à infecção pelo HIV e do uso de terapia antiretroviral de elevada eficiência. Neste relato, apresentamos os dois primeiros casos no Brasil de pacientes portadores de infecção pelo HIV transplantados com órgãos de doadores falecidos realizados com sucesso em nossa instituição. As interações entre os imunossupressores e as drogas antiretrovirais, as coinfecções, o perfil de risco cardiovascular e a elevada incidência de rejeição aguda permanecem os maiores problemas a serem equacionados nestes pacientes.

Recently kidney transplantation has become an accepted treatment modality for the treatment of HIV infected patients with end-stage renal diseases. For such treatment it is required stability of clinical and laboratory parameters related to HIV infection and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. In this report we present the first two cases in Brazil of patients with HIV infection transplanted with organs from deceased donors performed successfully in our institution. The interactions between immunosuppressive and antiretroviral drugs, the co-infections, cardiovascular risk profile and the high incidence of acute rejection remain the major problems to be dealt with in these patients.

[Kidney transplantation in HIV positive patients: two case reports from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre initial experience]. / Transplante renal em pacientes HIV positivos: relato de dois casos da experiência inicial do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.

Recently kidney transplantation has become an accepted treatment modality for the treatment of HIV infected patients with end-stage renal diseases. For such treatment it is required stability of clinical and laboratory parameters related to HIV infection and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. In this report we present the first two cases in Brazil of patients with HIV infection transplanted with organs from deceased donors performed successfully in our institution. The interactions between immunosuppressive and antiretroviral drugs, the co-infections, cardiovascular risk profile and the high incidence of acute rejection remain the major problems to be dealt with in these patients.